Not exactly? Each Pokemon has a type, either one or two, that tends to correspond to what they can do. Fire, water, ground, rock, psychic, ghost, electric, grass, bug, ice, fighting, poison, flying, dragon, dark, steel, fairy, and the weirdest one "normal". Those are the types we know of, anyway.

Like growlithe is just a fire type while houndour is dark and fire. That sort of thing. Some even seem to change or gain another typing when they evolve, it's all rather strange.